To what extent the laws on foreign invested enterprises in China have Essay

How much the laws on remote put ventures in China have changed in accordance with China' WTO participation - Essay Example In addition, the ‘dual charge system’ has driven towards inconvenience of various duty rates that are material to FIEs and Chinese ventures. FIEs in China have ideal duty treatment in contrast with local Chinese endeavors. The FIEs are encouraged with unique duty rates just as conclusion of expenses alongside charge occasions 1(LI 2008). The People’s Republic of China (PRC) Enterprise Income Tax Law, from the earliest starting point of the year 2008 has built up a bound together expense framework that is material for both household Chinese undertaking and FIEs. As per the changed PRC law, it has been seen that an annual assessment charge of 25 percent is appropriate for all business endeavors of China2. In December 2001, China agreed towards huge World Trade Organization (WTO) that manages exchange guidelines between various countries, at last changed the situation of the business law condition of China3. In such manner, WTO had contrived noteworthy changes for va rious FIEs in China that stressed after limiting duty rates just as opening new areas for remote venture. In addition, WTO has additionally changed the lawful framework which incorporates security of licensed innovation just as control of remote exchange4. The conversation plans to underscore after looking at the notable foundation, improvement and highlights of Chinese law administering the types of association having a place with FIEs. Additionally, the WTO sway upon the change of Chinese business law will likewise be depicted in the conversation. Principle Body Historic Background and Development of FIEs The noteworthy foundation and the advancement of Chinese law administering the types of associations of FIEs can be isolated into three stages that have been talked about hereunder. The Initial Stage (1979-1986) In the year 1979, a law on Chinese-Foreign Joint Ventures was endorsed and it was the main law of the State Council of China that is identified with remote speculation ut ilization. The Chinese State Council from the year 1979 to 1980 had given great just as adaptable arrangements concerning remote ventures. So as to build up the Chinese economy when contrasted with Soviet Union, China built up a legitimate framework dependent on Soviet Union lawful structure. In this comparative setting, it was seen that Hong Kong just as Macao was respected to be the major remote speculators in China and ventures were essentially made in assembling units just as lodgings which are fundamentally work intensive5. Consistent Development Stage (1987-1991) In the year 1986, the State Council actuated a law identifying with the advancement of remote speculations for the thought process of limiting issues between local Chinese ventures and FIEs. Besides, the law helped in dispensing with the issue of money trade for outside financial specialists and it additionally encouraged the remote speculators and fare organizations to receive huge rewards. During this stage, remote speculations expanded in send out undertakings just as assembling enterprises alongside high innovation ventures and its extension in numerous business territories was additionally been watched 6. Quickened Development Stage (1992-1999) In the year 1993, it has been seen that the measure of remote inve

Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Essay Example

Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Example Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Lockheed Martin is an American aviation worldwide that other than represents considerable authority in guard. security and propelled building enterprises. The organization was founded in 1995 after the amalgamation between Lockheed Corporation and Martin Marietta ( Yenne. 2000 ) . The organization is situated in Bethesda in Maryland with planetary focuses that spend significant time in various aspects of the corporation’s numerous activities. By and by. the partnership utilizes more than 120. 000 workers dissipated over the universe. Before long. Lockheed is one of the biggest safeguard temporary workers known to man and appreciates about boundless requests over the universe. The activities of the organization are isolated into various areas comprising electronic frameworks ( 27 % ) . astronauticss ( 27 % ) . data frameworks and planetary arrangements ( 27 % ) and limitless frameworks ( 19 % ) . Today. US specialists contracts represent a great part of the corporation’s net while outside specialists contracts other than make up a critical segment of the gross. On the different manus. orders from business customers only make up a negligible 2 % of the whole gross the organization cyberspaces in a twelvemonth. In 1996. the partnership settled the projects to get Lorad Corporation which later became segment of the enterprise at an expense of $ 9. 1 billion. Like some other planetary company arraigning 1000s of representatives over the universe. Lockheed is without a doubt confronted with a bunch of difficulties that generally characterize concern tasks in the current universe. Probably the best test going up against the enterprise is the interest to go to representative concerns and viably attempt the aspects of worker and modern dealingss without numerous occupations like is ever the occasion. On specific cases the partnership has needed to face the test of striking laborers and travel delayed as representatives whined about arranged aspects partner to their activities in the association ( Terris. 2010 ) . In that regard. the feature of covering with these representative concerns has been one of the best worker challenges affecting the association. Like most specialists in the business. the vast majority of Lockheed’s laborers are unionized under the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace laborers and are ever part and bundle of the exercises directed by the affiliation. The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers is a specialist association. which attracts its starting 1888 when a gathering of 19 mechanics met up and shaped the Order of the United Machinists and Mechanical Engineers. With cut. the little association developed in rank and received the current name. The association has had a troublesome history described by the developing of work movements in the twentieth century. The developing of the fellowship went couple with the improvement of the transport business all through the mature ages as an ever increasing number of laborers got utilized in the business. During its development. the association was all around a mystery matter given that businesses of the clasp were extremely basic and unfriendly toward sorted out work movements. In any case. the Order immediately spread past its arrangement zone of Georgia and was in no time a perceived issue in the United States. A significant part of the developing in the position of the fellowship was to a great extent prove during the World Wars when laborers in the movement business expanded inferable from the expanded interest of vehicles and planes ( Cimini. 1994 ) . In the class of the seventiess. the fraternity was divided into a few divisions covering with explicit issues affecting the individuals. These included social equality. shaping. more established specialists and resigned laborers and grown-up females. At a convection held in 1984 in Seattle. Washington. the representatives casted a ballot and chose to use the Placid Harbor Education Center so as to create and instruct the individuals from the fraternity. In 1998. the middle was renamed to the Winpisinger Education and Technology Center so as to recognize and respect the late leader of the fellowship. Since the beginning. the fraternity has ever tended to the issues affecting the laborers and haggled with the applicable bosses on explicit aspects partner to the open help of the workers Contract Management. 2010 ) . More than 3000 specialists of Lockheed Corporation are unionized under the IAM and are ever in way with the work fraternity. The fraternity has ever haggled in a few cases sing the open help of the laborers of Lockheed. In 2009. IAM went under much discourse with the heading of Lockheed at Fort Worth where the company fabricates planes. The issues at show in that case were medicinal services expenses and benefits where the laborers were more than 3. 900 individuals in whole opposition with the bearing of the company. At a reference to the laborers on nineteenth April. 2009. IAM President guaranteed the laborers that the fraternity would definitely haggle for a fair and just agreement between the individuals and the bearing of Lockheed ( Julian A ; Denver. 2011 ) . The core of the issue in this regard developed out of the assurance by Lockheed’s course to mean that it would stifle benefits plans for recently recruited employees and would other than increment medicinal services costs for all the laborers at the corporation’s Fort Worth works. The IAM Negotiating Committee guaranteed that it would practically go to the issue with the gatherings and cautioned Lockheed against its mistaken moves. There were other than claims that the organization was be aftering to introduce extremely costly social insurance programs if the laborers dismissed the idea of riddance of the so present human services program ( Sears. 2006 ) . In the class of the exchange. the fellowship ruined the endeavors by the organization to keep up the procedures off from the laborers. They inconsistently educated the laborers on whatever was transpirating among them and the bearing. Quite a bit of this endeavor was supplemented when the fraternity made a site from where data partner to the originating before arrangements was posted and the laborers could simple follow. The fellowship sorted out a progression of commissions to deal with the various coordinations of the work stoppage and to keep up the representatives each piece great as the people great educated regarding the procedures. A few commissions came into arrangement. counting the work stoppage commission. imparting. network administration. film group and kitchen ( 2010 ) . These commissions were on a very basic level helping the fellowship functionaries thusly toing the test of the exchanges given that the people and the specialists had extremely specific contribution in the entire situation. In the class of the discoursed. the fraternity functionaries introduced the course of the enterprise with a monetary counter proposition. The heading should go over the proposition and react to the varying requests that were subsequently tended to. In the wake of going through the substance of the proposition. the functionaries of the association welcomed the fraternity functionaries to the haggling plain exhibit. In their announcements. the bearing articulated that their program to remove the annuity for the recently recruited employees was only suitable and was in a general sense a technique of turn toing the difficulties the association was going up against at that cut. In the method. it gave the idea that the bearing of the organization was extremely inflexible and did non want to yield land on the haggling even cluster. While the bearing asserted that they truly paid their laborers great and they could in this way manage the cost of the new proposition it was seting frontward. the fraternity individuals completely dismissed the impression as giving through one manus and pickings by the other which was in a general sense dishonest in concern design. As bit of the underlying exchanges. the course of Lockheed affirmed that it had given the fraternity the choice of tolerating a 3 for each centum pay rise expansion for the provisional laborers who were standing up to the test of the medicinal services program ( Boyne. 2010 ) . Moreover. extra buying in fillip of $ 3. 000 was other than offered per laborer as segment of the exchange. This was to be enhanced by $ 800 to cover the one-year expansion in the expense of life in the United States. Orchestrating to the course. this was on a very basic level to be a projection program so as to go to the cardinal issue at manus and empower the laborers to come back to their work. In a similar system. Lockheed was going up against comparable power per unit region from Pentagon and was sincerely in a gap to acknowledge the recommendations of the fellowship. It was. by the by. a blow for the organization when the fraternity functionaries completely dismissed the consequence programs on the history that they had neer been effective in the days gone by and that the organization had ever non regarded such obligations ( Anderson. 2009 ) . In vengeance. Lockheed made the position that it could effectually go on its activities absent a lot of regard to the nonionized laborers who were looking for a modification of the medicinal services programs. The organization declared that the mployed laborers would effectively supplant the nonionized specialists in the class of the tasks ( IAMAW. 2012 ) . For a piece. in the midst of the discourse arrangements. it gave the idea that the work stoppage was actually an imperishable issue given that most tasks in the organization had started restarting regardless of the emotional nonionized individuals. It was without a doubt a blow and an extraordinary test to the exchange technique and it made the interest for farther dealings and steps to go to the situation. The rising situation gave the fraternity functionaries a cluster of difficulties and they selected to look for substitute strides of tasks while go oning with the

Interoperability and Middleware Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interoperability and Middleware - Research Paper Example This was planned for improving the administration offered by the ICT area. After this turn of events, the ICT division turned out to be progressively exhaustive and requested more research and headways on media communications and figuring system adaptability (Lerner, 2002). Today interoperability measures are applied in ICT world to improve successful correspondence similarity, trade of information and administrations. The smooth collaboration between at least two segments of the working programming for correspondence similarity, administrations and information trade can be named as between operatibility. Interoperability is a need in ICT in light of the fact that it is a device that builds the availability of PCs by means of the web and offers an answer for operational expenses. Besides, its product has been end up being of value given heterogeneity is kept up, for example, on frameworks written in various language programming; running on various equipment programs and working frame work; utilizing various information portrayal; executing dissimilar to syntactic or semantics translations; and utilizing distinctive control stages (Puder, Ro?mer and Pilhofer, 2006) For interoperability heterogeneity to be acknowledged there must be a middleware programming bundle. Today, there are numerous media transmission and calculation enterprises that offer center product items. The business assembled middleware item basically builds up a connector that makes interoperability framework to design for use. Center product alludes to application programming that fills the need of a change layer or trade of assets between two organized partners. It additionally blends and consolidates two organized partners to speak with one another either running on the equivalent or various stages. Middleware programming applications are separated into two significant classifications, application the executives and asset the board. In application the executives conjures explicit administration s that perform given assignments for them. This application the board is additionally separated into other two classes, the higher and the lower, that is subject to the degree of administration reflection the middleware offers. The lower application known as between application the board correspondence middleware works with remote strategy brings by and large while the higher application middleware absolutely abstracts the system by subbing methodology calls with direct help calls. The second middleware classification, asset the board, goes about as asset the board utility. Much the same as the main class it is partitioned into two gatherings, higher and lower asset the executives reliant on the sort of asset oversaw by the middleware. The higher asset, additionally alluded to as database middleware, oversees programming related assets, for example, exchange preparing and database access as these assets are identified with the database while lower asset middleware administrator, oth erwise called asset middleware, oversees equipment related assets like CPU, hard drive space and memory (Puder, Ro?mer and Pilhofer, 2006). At the hour of assembling its principle point was to set up new guidelines of tending to the issue of contrasts that happen because of heterogeneous systems. It likewise accommodated framework particular attributes like document sharing, processor and extra lattice functionalities, for example, API (application programming interfaces) with an essential concern pointed in asset

Project Proposal US Based Organization

Question: Portray about the Project Proposal for US Based Organization. Answer: Presentation Cry is a notable US based association that is related with the turn of events and facilitating of the site Yelp.com and a PDA use of exactly the same name. Yelp.com principally has audits of nearby business associations, as distraught by the clients and suppliers the clients to reserve online spot through their Eat24 and Yelp Reservations administrations (Yelp-support.com, 2016). This report gives a point by point conversation on a scholarly venture planned for utilizing information mining advances in order to uncover the connection between the neighborhood business administrations used by the Yelp clients and the remarks made by them. Point of the task The essential of the task being portrayed in this report is to use the Yelp informational index accessible to us so as to distinguish the connection between the surveys and evaluations made by the clients advertisement their benefactor transport in the neighborhood business. Goal of the task To discover the connection between the distinctive nearby business houses and their devoted clients by looking at the audits, remarks and evaluations made by the clients. To investigate the Yelp scholastic informational index and distinguish the socioeconomics of the objective clients for every one of the neighborhood business types that are enrolled with Yelp.com. Research questions The undertaking work being directed would be planned for finding the responses to the accompanying inquiries: What is the connection between the distinctive nearby business houses and their dedicated clients by contrasting the surveys, remarks and evaluations made by the clients? What are the socioeconomics of the objective clients for every one of the neighborhood business types that are enrolled with Yelp.com? Writing survey Scientists LI and Ngai (2016) have remarked that an examination led by the Harvard Business school has uncovered that the stars and evaluations posted by clients (on Yelp.com) huge impact on the all out income of neighborhood business. Truth be told each extra star on Yelp.com has been found to have expanded the business income by 5 to 9 percent. Then again, study led by the financial analysts related with the Berkeley has affirmed that medium to high evaluations (3.2 to 4 to be quite certain on a size of 5) builds the odds of medium measured cafés to be completely reserved during the pinnacle traveler seasons, by an astounding 17 percent (Dai et al. 2012). Other than this, the examination concentrate additionally showed that upwards of 84 percent of the nearby entrepreneurs are worried about the appraisals and audits of this associations on online discussions like that of Yelp.com. Analysts McAuley and Leskovec (2013) have remarked that a lion's share of nearby entrepreneurs today urge their fulfilled clients to post their appraisals on online discussions, in order to gloat off their administrations on such stages. Truth be told, the objective clients of business associations are frequently distinguished based on the data accessible from such online stages. Data mining is considered as that specific space of software engineering that helps in the ID of examples from huge arrangements of information, with the assistance of a few computational methods including AI, computerized reasoning, insights and so forth. As indicated by LI and Ngai (2016), information mining techniques have been seen as broadly compelling for the procedure of information characterization and information affiliation. Then again, specialists Aggarwal and Zhai (2012)have brought up the information mining strategies that are commonly utilized for the ID of hidden examples in enormous informational index to be the accompanying: Irregularity discovery: Anomaly location procedures are used for the identification of variations from the norm that exits in informational collections. Affiliation rule learning strategies are used for distinguishing the connection between the factors present in an informational collection. Bunching procedure is used for the gathering of factors, in view of the estimations of a similar present in the informational collection. Be that as it may, specialists Fan and Bifet (2013) have referenced that the grouping procedures are viewed as powerful just when the information structures of the said factors are obscure to us. Arrangement is the errand of ordering the new informational indexes into known gathering, in light of specific qualities of the equivalent. Relapse, then again, is the errand of recognizing the specific capacity that can be used for displaying information with the base mistake check (Larose, 2014). Philosophy It has just been referenced that information mining is considered as one of the best apparatuses that are generally used for distinguishing the relationship that exists between the factors present in an informational collection. Yelp.com has made their client audit informational indexes accessible on the web in order to encourage scholarly task on the equivalent: this specific informational index, would therefore be broke down with the assistance of viable information mining methods to discover answers to the examination questions introduced in segment 1 of the report. Analyst Freitas (2013) is of the conclusion that the accompanying arrangements of calculations can be viably used for characterization of data present in enormous informational collections: Choice tree: A choice tree is characterized as a choice help apparatus, which brings about the development of a chart like structure that portrays choices and their potential outcomes. K-implies grouping: Researchers Aggarwal and Zhai (2012) characterize the K-implies bunching calculation as one of the most simple and successful solo learning calculation. The creators likewise remark that the calculation produces best outcomes when the informational index contains values unmistakable from one another. Apriori calculation: According to Larose (2014), the Apriori calculation is generally appropriate for discovering affiliation administers and regular thing set mining. The calculation works by distinguishing the littler information things present in an information framework and partners the equivalent with the bigger factors present in the equivalent. In the light of the conversations made in the report, it would thus be able to be said that the choice tree and the K-implies grouping calculations can be viably used to discover the connection between the diverse neighborhood business houses and their steadfast clients by looking at the surveys, remarks and appraisals made by the clients. Then again, the Apriori calculation would help in distinguishing the socioeconomics of the objective clients for every one of the nearby business types that are enlisted with Yelp.com . References Aggarwal, C. C., Zhai, C. (2012).Mining content information. Springer Science Business Media. Dai, W., Jin, G. Z., Lee, J., Luca, M. (2012).Optimal total of purchaser appraisals: an application to cry. com(No. w18567). National Bureau of Economic Research. Fan, W., Bifet, A. (2013). Mining enormous information: current status, and conjecture to the future.ACM sIGKDD Explorations Newsletter,14(2), 1-5. Freitas, A. A. (2013).Data mining and information revelation with transformative calculations. Springer Science Business Media. Larose, D. T. (2014).Discovering information in information: a prologue to information mining. John Wiley Sons. LI, J., Ngai, E. W. T. (2016). An Examination of the Joint Impacts of Review Content and Reviewer Characteristics on Review Usefulnessthe Case of Yelp. com. McAuley, J., Leskovec, J. (2013, October). Concealed factors and shrouded points: understanding rating measurements with survey content. InProceedings of the seventh ACM gathering on Recommender systems(pp. 165-172). ACM. Cry support.com,. (2016). Refreshing Business Information | Support Center | Yelp. Howl support.com. Recovered 1 October 2016, from https://www.yelpupport.com/Updating_Business_Information?l=en_US

Discuss the appeal of ‘The Crucible’ Essay

English Literature Coursework: ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller Discuss the intrigue of ‘The Crucible’ to its crowd ‘The Crucible’ is a twentieth century play that centers around the Salem black magic preliminaries of 1692. These occasions prompted widespread panic over the abuse of the individuals who, purportedly, partook in demonstrations of spell. Over-embellishment, feeling, rigidity, tension and the annihilation of characters (because of their supposed inclusion in black magic) are the fundamental subjects of the play all through the four unpredictable scenes of ‘The Crucible’. The crowd watching would be tempted by the emotional episodes of characters and their abuse for such violations in the religious town, where grilled residents in the thick society had to name other potential witches. On the off chance that they neglected to create names of others, they would be hanged savagely. The occupants of Salem put stock in witches and the Devil and that the Bible had taught them that witches must be hanged. A sentiment of imbalance is detected here. The occasions of the play, first acted in England in 1954, are practically equivalent to the McCarthy time in the USA , where anybody associated with reprimanding the administration or its heading was to be brought under the steady gaze of a court to react to the charge of ‘Un-American Activities’. The initial scene in ‘The Crucible’ promptly gives the crowd a sentiment of an evil and inert air: A light despite everything consumes close to the bed †¦ The rooftop rafters are uncovered, and the wood hues are crude and unmellowed. Reverend Parris is found †¦ , clearly in petition. His girl †¦ is lying on the bed, idle. (Act One, p1) The flame alongside the bed shows a slight wellspring of light, maybe trust that Betty will wake. Nature around is quiet. The rafters are uncovered, and the wood is: ‘raw’. The Reverend is calmly in supplication and his little girl is lying, as though dead, on the bed. A supplication is a quiet demonstration which stresses the state of mind of the room. The symbolism represents a dim, dull and debilitating part of the Reverend’s home. The depiction of the phase in the initial scene makes a bogus impression for the crowd as the greater part watching the play would now anticipate a lazy plot, with constrained fervor and dreary discourse with little feeling, however it is a play loaded with overdramatic conduct and feeling.

Habitual Complaining

Habitual Complaining Overheard on a flight yesterday: “This plane is taking too long.” “This bag is so freaking heavy.” “This drink would be better over ice.” These aren’t benign observations; they’re sneaky complaints. We all do it: we badmouth life’s banalities. The weather. The long lines. The technologies that work imperfectly. We feel compelled to announce our dissatisfaction with every blemish, dragging others into our vortex of vexation. Even when we don’t fret aloud, we murmur or let the pessimistic thoughts stew until they become a stifling atmosphere of toxicity. Over time, these noxious judgments poison our days, our lives. With each complaint, it’s as if we’re Yelp-rating our experience of lifeâ€"one star, one star, one star! Imagine a restaurant barraged by dozens of negative reviews every day. How would that affect them? How does the juggernaut of negativity affect us? The person who’s regularly disgruntled by their circumstancesâ€"rather than grateful for what they haveâ€"has found the perfect recipe for discontent. Most complaining, however, is habitual, and that’s good news because it’s entirely possible to break bad habits. First, we must accept the unchangeables. The plane will get there when it gets there; bellyaching won’t alter its arrival. Instead, smile, breathe, and bask in acceptance. Then, we must change the changeables. If that bag is too heavy, consider asking for help or packing lightly. (A lighter load is sure to make us smile.) Finally, we must appreciate what we have. True, that drink may not be perfect, but we can smile and be grateful we’re not thirsty. In virtually every scenario, a smile is more useful than a snivel. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

How To Search Apply For Private Scholarships

HomeFinanceScholarshipsHow To Search and Apply For Private ScholarshipsThis page may contain affiliate links.Jan 18, 2019Were excited to be hosting Pam Andrews, aka The Scholarship Shark.   Weve been following Pam for awhile and have admired her approach towards helping students through the private scholarship process. In addition to working with students on private scholarships, Pam is also a college admissions coach guiding students through the college admissions process. In this webinar well be diving into the details of how to find, apply, and get scholarships, the two different layers of scholarships, when you should actually start applying for scholarships, what information the applications need, and how to stand out on applications. Wed love for you to join us! Just register below. Road2College Debbie Schwartz is former financial services executive and founder of Road2College and the Paying For College 101 Facebook group. She's dedicated to providing families with trustworthy information about college admissions and paying for college. With data, tools and access to experts she's helping families become educated consumers of higher ed. View all posts CATEGORIES FinanceScholarships TAGS Private ScholarshipsNEWER POSTFinding and Applying For Private ScholarshipsOLDER POSTICYMI Paying For College Discussions: From State Schools To Alumni Interviews

Unethical Relationship And Dual Roles Solo Private Practice

Behaviors and Activities Leading to Unethical Relationship and Dual Roles: Solo Private Practice and In-house Practitioners by Samuelu Vaina Research and Evaluation Dr. Pitselos Argosy University Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine and understand the types of activities viewed as either ethical or unethical by psychologists practicing in different settings and orientation. Psychologists from the district of Hilo, Hawaii completed questionnaire and survey concerning the behaviors and acts that lead practitioners to engage in dual roles with client. Measures included demographic questionnaire and the Therapeutic Practices Survey. The participants rated the degree or level to which each behavior or act was ethical. A majority believed dual role behaviors to be unethical under most conditions and some reported that they have rarely or never engage in such behaviors. The profession and practice setting did not vary among terms of involvements, which includes incidental, social/financial, and dual roles. A review of previous studies and literature assisted in revealing the nature of relationships, ethical guidelines provided, and limits of boundaries for relationships. This st udy offers data to support the need for awareness of activities and behaviors leading to dual roles and the settings of practitioners most at risk. Introduction A survey conducted of licensed psychologists, Pope and Borys (1992) noted that one of the most frequentlyShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Essay18323 Words   |  74 PagesAmerican beliefs and values were not allowed a chance to play out in the political maneuvering that led to the passage of the ACA of 2010 (see Chapter 13). The growth of medical science and technology (discussed in Chapter 5) has also played a key role in shaping the US health care delivery system. Stevens (1971) points out that the technological revolution has been primarily responsible for bringing medicine into the public domain. Advancement of technology has influenced other factors, as wellRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesContents PART 1 UNDERSTANDING HRM Chapter 1 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Learning Outcomes 2 Introduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments 4 The Changing World of Technology What Is a Knowledge Worker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee InvolvementRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesthe essays to demonstrate different aspects of your intellectual, emotional, and moral fiber. For instance, if you choose to prove your ability as a competent project manager in one essay, you may wish to discuss a more personal issue like your relationship with your parents or partner in the  ·next., Reach inside yourself for examples of strength, confidence, and accomplishment. In the end, your fundamental objective is to prove that you are greater than the sum of your individual application parts

American Culture And Morals Of Its Citizens Essay - 785 Words

Whether it is through a different career, political viewpoints, or even cultural differences, America gives citizens the right to â€Å"make their own name for themselves.† America was once built on individualists, but as a society today this nation is conformists. Everyone follows trends with songs, dances, appearance, clothes, make-up, and etc. People feel the need to fit in as a society as appose to being an individualist. They don’t stand out because they don’t want people bullying then nor making fun of them. People today do not like to be looked at nor treated as individualists they want to be hip and cool and fit in with everyone else around them. People don’t have a mind of their own, they want to be like everyone else and not be an outlier. America is so much in the pursuit of short-term happiness and gratification, that this society is willing endure corruption and degradation, which decides the culture and morals of its citizens. America is one of the most mind-controlled countries on the planet. Americans talk about with religious dedication about how they have freedom and democracy. In America, truth is not the highest ideal or passion. Neither is freedom or democracy. The country is governed by a sense of moral authoritarianism†. It s all about conformity and obedience to authority and the manufactured consensus. Basically, you are taught to believe whatever you are told by authority, the media, and the consensus, even if it doesn t make sense and even if thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas1086 Words   |  5 PagesFiction Contemporary American culture is represented in â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† by Ursula K. Le Guin. Omelas is a Utopian city which inhabits citizens who are pleased and content with their lives. It is described as happy, full of freedom and joy. However, this privilege of life comes at a price. 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I feel Iowans support each other and rally to help each other. In turn, this helps us strengthen and maintain our society. I would expect the regional difference to decline because as people move around the country their ideas, or political culture in this case, would spread, andRead MoreThe Necessary Separation of Church and State in America Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pageswith sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should `make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, thus building a wall of separation between Church State.† (Jefferson,1802, Letter to Danbury Baptist Association) The strongest phrase in Thomas Jefferson’s 1802 letter, â€Å"†¦or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  goes to the heart of American strength. It provides the foundation upon whichRead MoreMoral Disagreement By Kwame Anthony Appiah1391 Words   |  6 Pagesof morality. In Moral Disagreement by Kwame Anthony Appiah, Appiah writes about differing values and morals around the world and within our society. He points out, â€Å"we aren’t the only people who have the concepts of right and wrong, good and bad; every society, it seems, has terms that correspond to these thin concepts† (658). However, these concepts are not always the same with each other in every society. In the same way that not everyone in our society believes in the same moral concepts. UnfortunatelyRead MoreU.s. Armys Collective Team Efforts1291 Words   |  6 Pagesll references the army s collective team efforts, and defend refers to the primary function of the army as a d efender of the nation, not an aggressor against others. () It was first used by the War Office of the Continental Congress during the American Revolutionary War in 1778, and it has been the Army’s guiding moto for over 200 years. In the official U.S. Army logo, This We’ll Defend is found in a rattlesnake-encircled banner above a tableau filled with military and revolutionary symbolsRead MoreObjective Reality Cannot Exist Without Subjective Reality840 Words   |  4 Pagespertaining to whether moral values are objective or subjective, and whether or not as a society we should be able to intervene on another society if we do not believe what they are doing is morally ethical, is quite a large topic. How can we come up with a solid answer as to whether or not there are universal human values, and whether certain things should be considered right for everyone are very difficult questions to answer, we must be wary as to not insult different cultures, religions and societies

Common Ground between Islam and Christianity - 939 Words

Common Ground between Islam and Christianity September 22nd, 2013 Hassibullah Roshan Keywords Islam; Christianity; Muhammad; Jesus; Qur’an; Bible; religion; history; religious practice; religious education; commonalities; prophets; acceptance; social relations Abstract The research paper underlines a number of key similarities between Christianity and Islam. It focuses on the concepts of shared principles, ethics, pro-social values, practices, beliefs and other essential factors that constitute the essence of these two religions. It also discusses the role of Jesus and Prophet Muhammad as the founders of Christianity and Islam, and religious notion of being appointed by God. Introduction The religious conflicts and†¦show more content†¦Conclusion All results obtained indicate that the majority of principles, practices, ethics and pro-social values in Islam and Christianity are interchangeable. Both religions recognize the existence of Jesus and his second coming . Both stand firm on the basis of love, friendship, honesty, purity, solidarity, and forgiveness . On top of that, the findings and analysis of this research clearly indicate that the level of similarity between Islam and Christianity are vast and something that can be built upon to promote mutual understanding among and remove misconceptions between Muslims and Christians. Works Cited Benthall, J. (1997). The Qur an calls for alms. Times Higher Education Supplement, Issue 1261, 9-16. Bertaina, D. (2012). Islam and Christianity: Theological Themes in Comparative Perspective. Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol.23 Issue 3, 385-388. D Costa, G. (2013). Do Christians and Muslims Believe in the Same God? Reflections on Miroslav Volf s Allah: A Christian Response. Islam Christian-Muslim Relations, Vol.24 Issue 2, 151-160. Deedy, J. (1995). Are you ready for the Second Coming? U.S. Catholic, Vol. 60 Issue 8, 26-62. Downs, D. J. (2011). Redemptive Alms-giving and Economic Stratification in 2 Clement. Journal of Early Christian Studies, Vol.19 Issue 4, 493-517. Ferguson, D. S. (2011). Common word, common ground: the love commandments and the understanding of god. Theology Today, Vol.68 Issue 1, 26-35. Kleven, T. J.Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between Christianity And Islam1444 Words   |  6 Pagesdiverse religious backgrounds, â€Å"humanity forms but one community† (â€Å"Nostra Aetate†). There is an indisputable bond between humans, regardless of the beliefs they hold. Christianity and Islam are two religious traditions dominating the world, accounting for over 55% of the population (â€Å"Common Word†). While they greatly differ, the two have undeniable similarities that offer a common ground for the two traditions to unite. It is necessary for these two traditions to coexist and strive for peace so thatRead MoreConflict Between Islam And Christianity945 Words   |  4 Pagesreal serious issue. Islam, and since its existence, has faced many struggles with many people who think of it as an outrageous religion that pushes people to kill, treat unfairly, and think criminally. However, Islam by name is a message of peace. The word Islam was taken from the wor d Salam, which simply means peace in Arabic. Additionally, the ideal of this religion is to worship one god –Allah– and believe that Mohammad is his messenger. Many of the legalizations of Islam call for concord andRead MoreChristianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, And Confucianism1472 Words   |  6 Pagesat least one universal idea, present in all of them? This is largely a personal interpretation, as â€Å"common ground† (universal ideas) has a large spectrum of meanings, ranging from â€Å"kind of similar if you look at it in the right fashion†, to â€Å"exactly alike†. In any case, there are many examples, and counterexamples of universal ideas between the â€Å"main† seven religions: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism, which will be explored in the remainder of this essayRead MoreThe Middle East1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe present battle in the Middle East, specifically in Iraq, is in part because of a conflict between the different cultures rooted there. Beneath these cultural differences are theories based on the different religious belief systems in the variety of cultures. There are three major religious based out of the middle east, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Why do these religions have such a rift between them, if their principles are similar? All three of the religions have similar qualities, andRead MoreComparing The Two Billion Christians And 1.6 Billion Muslims1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe two billion Christians and 1.6 billion Muslims , make Christianity and Islam the largest religions in the world. Although the two monotheistic faiths have many differences, they also share many commonalities as well. Surprisingly, the countless followers of these religions are not even aware of their comparability. In fact, they tend to emphasize their minuscular differences rather than focusing on the common ground. This lack of knowledge and their ig norance has and is causing many disputesRead MoreDifferent Religions, Different Practices, And One Aim Of Righteousness846 Words   |  4 PagesDifferent Practices, and One Aim of Righteousness For decades there have been many controversial arguments between the religions of Christianity and Islam. Many of the controversies have unfortunately resulted in hate crimes, discrimination and segregation. From the difference beliefs both religions practice to the languages they speak to one another, there has always been a conflict between both religions. What I question myself everyday about this controversy is: Why? Why all the violence towardsRead MoreJudaism, Islam, and Christianity Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pages Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are some of the religions that most individuals can relate to, being the three largest religions in the world. Like many religions they share many differences and also some similarities. One difference that these religions hold is their view of Jesus Christ. Similarities are surprisingly common to find among some religions because of the basis they put on one another. Some similarities between these religions include: belief of monot heism and the influence of ZoroastrianismRead MoreAbrahamic Religions : Judaism, Christianity, And Islam1407 Words   |  6 PagesAbrahamic Religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam ​The Abrahamic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the three key Western Religions they all exercise monotheism, achieving peace though justice, God’s love and mercy, all three trace back to the prophet Abraham in some way, even though he was first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. These three religions are very closely unified because they share many common beliefs and thoughts, and they all rely on holy books or scriptures as a life-guidedRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1005 Words   |  5 Pages Compare and contrast ancient Christianity and Islam. Christianity and Islam are both closely related religions, because they are branched of Abraham and other patriarchs mentioned in Hebrew Scriptures. Examples of these books are the Old/ New testament and the Quran. These books serve as their spiritual ancestors and are also know as Abrahamic religions. Although these books have a massive amount in common the clash of these two religions has caused for a mass crimes and violence across humanityRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism942 Words   |  4 Pagesway as Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and syncretic faiths gradually moved in and across the Indian Ocean basin by 1750 CE. Even then, Hinduism did spread from northern India through southern India to Southeast Asia. The caste system was maintained from 600-1750 CE, given the fact that Hinduism promoted such rigid class distinctions as morally right, though the caste system developed sub-castes during this period. Buddhism actually declined with Hinduism and Islam gaining more ground in its native India

Gender Is A Very Hot Button Issue In 2017 America. Many

Gender is a very hot button issue in 2017 America. Many citizens are confused by it all and don’t quite understand gender. Would four boys from the town of South Park understand? Probably not considering one boy would fake being transgender just to skip the long bathroom lines. In the following paper I will discuss and analyze the show South Park and its view on gender roles in one episode as well as Family guy and analyze its view on gender as well. The television show was created in 1997 by Trey Parker and Matt Stone. Comedy Central has been the home of South Park since its inception. The concentration of the show focuses on four boys in South Park, Colorado which is a fictional place. Stan, Kyle, Kenny, and Cartman are the four main†¦show more content†¦He realizes he won’t be able to use the men’s restroom so instead he puts a bow on his head and uses the women’s restroom. The girls are disgusted and Cartman has to meet with the principal to a ddress the situation. Cartman lies and claims he’s â€Å"transginger†, meaning transgender, and for that reason he is allowed to use the women’s restroom. The school realizes they are unable to win this battle and solve the problem by creating a transgender restroom. Wendy, one of the girls upset with Cartman’s lie, then claims to also be transgender and starts to use the transgender restroom. An angry Cartman then tells Wendy’s boyfriend Stan he is a girl since Wendy claims to be a guy. Stan goes to his father Randy for answers unaware that Randy is going through a gender crisis of his own. In this particular instance, the dynamic between girls and boys is much different. The boys try to gain power, namely Cartman over everyone else, including girls, and the principal herself by threatening to sue the school because of a false claim that he is transgender. Or as he calls it â€Å"transginger†. There are some gender stereotypes to note, such as the girls being very emotional and irrational. They get angry at Cartman for pretending to be a girl just to use the bathroom, so much so that a girl claims to be a boy just out of spite. Because of all the fuss and unwillingness to comeromise, the school creates aShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 PagesHarold Pinter’s fame rests on not only his popular dramas but also on his political activism which is rooted in his concern for people and their condition in realms which can be termed as social, professional or political. In fact it can be said that many of his works starting from the early comedies of menace to the later overtly political plays run parallel to his political activism in the delineation of abuse of power in familial, social and political sphere and its somatic and psychosomatic impactRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagescom/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service ple ase, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal EmploymentRead MoreKraft Annual Report99993 Words   |  400 Pagescommodity and other input costs, pricing actions, increased competition, our ability to differentiate our products from retailer brands, increased costs of sales, our indebtedness and our ability to pay our indebtedness, unexpected safety or manufacturing issues, regulatory or legal restrictions, actions or delays, unanticipated expenses such as litigation or legal settlement expenses, a shift in our product mix to lower margin offerings, risks from operating internationally, continued consumer weakness,Read MoreCostco Due Diligence Report28823 Words   |  116 Pages4 Industry Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 5 Corporate Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 Organization and General Corporate Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Performance Measurement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 28 Financial Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 Asset†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . 38 Liability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 42 Treasury†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Impact of Market Revolution on American Workers Free Essays

It is a matter of fact that American workers were strongly influenced by the market revolution in America. Market revolution took place before the Civil War and this time is considered to be uprising for America. For example, market revolution caused improvements and enhancements in transportation system, and development of new technologies. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Market Revolution on American Workers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, due to market revolution agricultural products significantly increased and the number of textile factories grew up. The life of American society was changed as market revolution caused political, economic and technological changes. Nevertheless, not all the changes are positive. For example, American workers became less independent and more structured, but more women were provided with opportunities to earn wages meaning that gender roles were changes. Speaking in detail, American workers were provided with new farming equipment and advancements. Furthermore, new staple crops were introduced. In transportation sphere new methods appeared: steamboats, railroads and canals. American workers were allowed in such a way to move faster from place to place. American workers obtained new employment opportunities due to establishment of new textile factories. With time machines made the work easier and faster. As it is mentioned above, market revolution created new job opportunities for women. For example, women became more economically independent and they were the first workers at the textile factories. Moreover, their payments were descent. It was hard for them to struggle for descent payments and it was market revolution that helped them to achieve the desired outcome. Summing up the market revolution greatly affected the life and work of American people. They were provided with new employment opportunities, expanded suffrage, new technologies and equipments, etc. Market revolution showed people that life should and must be changed for better. References Rise and Impact of Market Economy. Retrieved September 5, 2007, from http://balrog.sdsu.edu/~putman/410a/marketpres%2010am.htm                   How to cite Impact of Market Revolution on American Workers, Essay examples

Important To Consider Elasticity Of Demand â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain The Difference Between Comparative Advantage An Absolute Advantage? Answer: Introducation While fixing the price of the good the producers keep under consideration a number of things. These things help in determining the price of the good which varies according to the place, time and the nature of the good. Price elasticity is one of the major concepts which are kept in mind while fixing the price of the good. Price elasticity is considered as the responsiveness of demand of the good on the basis of the price of the good i.e. it measures how the demand changes of a particular commodity with change in the price of the good(Morgan, 2014). The producer while fixing the price of the good has to clearly see how the demand of the product changes among the people as the price of the commodity is changed. The elasticity of demand is expressed in percentage and that is percent change in goods demanded divided by percent change in the price of the goods. The elasticity of demand depends on the number of factors like the price of the god, the substitutes available, the availability of raw material, etc. if there are close substitutes available or the goods. If there are close substitutes available for the goods, then the elasticity of demand is considered to be zero as the people tend to shift their demand to the good which costs less. Whereas if there are no close substitutes available, the goods are the luxury goods, of necessity items, then the elasticity is one. Hence, the elasticity plays an important role. The two terms which are used frequently whole producing goods by the producers are the absolute advantage and the comparative advantage. The meaning for both the terms differs a lot. A producer has to take care about both the things while producing the goods(Hartline, 2007). The absolute advantage is the thing which all the nations worry about and take care about. In this the producers see that the inputs required to produce the goods cost the minimum. That means that the producers see that the cost of producing a good is the least so that the expenses can be cut down under this. The main aim under this of the producers is to produce the best quality of the goods at the minimum cost so that the cost of production of the good does not exceed. The other term used is the comparative advantage. It refers to the concept of the opportunity cost of the goods. In this the producers see that the things and resources available for the production of the good can be best used for what thing. This refers to the comparative advantage as the producers compare between the productions of the two goods in the market and see production of which goods would benefit the consumers. It refers to choosing the lower cost of production over the other. Hence both the comparative and absolute advantages differ at various levels. Both can never be taken as one thing and hence play different roles in the economy References Hartline, M. (2007). Marketing Strategy - Page 234. London: Springer . Morgan, K. (2014). Price Elasticity of Demand for Mylan Laboratories, Pittsburg. London: Wiley Publishers

Harlem Renaissance Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Harlem Renaissance Argumentative Essay Washington D. C. And also the largest group was in Harlem New York, and this was called the Great Migration. The Harlem renaissance happened in the years 1919 and 1926. The Jim Crow laws were put in to action in 1877. The Jim Crow laws were any laws that enforced racial segregation in the south. So there were laws like a black person could not look a white man in the eyes or theres the law were the Blacks would have to sit in the back of the bus and would give up there site to a White man if tolled to but one day a black woman name Rosa Parks and refused to give up her site and that sparked a civil right movement. And the Jim Crow laws were overruled by the civil rights act of 1964 and the voting rights act of 1965. The Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York City and was built in 1913-1914 as the Hurting and Seamans New Burlesque Theater, designed by George Sister. In 1934 it was named the Apollo Theater and opened to the black patrons which was previously had a strict whites only policy. The first major star to appear at the Apollo Theater was the Jazz singer and Broadway star Adelaide Hall in Chocolate Soldiers produced by Clarence Robinson and featured Sam Woodwinds Orchestra. The Cotton Club, it was a New York City night club located in Harlem at first during the years of 19th 1935, In the years of 1936 to 1940 in to the midtown Theater District. The Cotton Club was a Whites only club, the club had dancers, singers, comedians and variety acts, also has a house band. During 1920 and 1930 there was an creative outburst among the African American in community in all aspects of art. A couple of the most famous writers of the Harlem renaissance was Longboats Hughes and Zorn Neal Hurst. Louis Armstrong was one of the most popular male singers, he is the musicians that preformed what a wonderful Word, and there was also the female singer Billie Holiday. In this time period there was actors like Florence Mills and Paul Robes. Aaron Douglas was an artists, he lived from 1899 to 1979. There was also Jacob Lawrence, he was a well known artists. Some of the leading intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance were Marcus Graver and A. Philip Randolph. The Harlem Renaissance was a good time for the African American population to learn arts and music.

Theorectical Bases For Counseling Essay Example For Students

Theorectical Bases For Counseling Essay Five major theoretical bases for counseling in psychology are biological, learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers about behavior through different techniques and researching a clients childhood or adult life experiences looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to the different types and styles of counseling approaches, each counselor forms their own thoughts and explanations. The premise behind the biological perspective in psychology is that all actions, feelings, and thoughts are associated with different events in a persons life. Biological psychologists examine how the electrical impulses, hormones, and chemicals flowing through the body can affect behavior. We will write a custom essay on Theorectical Bases For Counseling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Physocologists are concerned with how the aspects of biology effect peoples emotions and their perception of events. Many of the important findings in psychology from the behavioral theory later evolving into the social learning theory or cognitive social learning theory. Behavior therapists used to believe that actions were responses to stimuli that were learned. This concept led to a broadening of psychology. Many groups that were often overlooked by psychologists until behavior therapy became the dominant school of psychology in the U.S. after the 1960s. The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on the thought process. Psychologists from this school argue that it is necessary to know what is going on in the mind to fully understand why a person will do the things that they do. The reason for cognitive psychology is to understand how perceptions and interpretations relate to behavior. Why some people turn to violence when insulted while another person will not. Many critics of the psychodynamic therapy do not believe psychodynamic theories have any bearing on psychology. Based upon the fact that many of the psychoanalysis assumptions could not be verified. Research psychologists were more related to philosophy rather than clinical science. Though not as scientific as the other theories the psychodynamic theory is still associated with psychology. The sociocultural perspective concentrates on an individuals culture or society rather than the individual. To understand why people show certain behavior traits. Psychologists look at what effects the persons community and how other people affect a person. These five theoretical bases are similar because they all try to determine what causes a person to be how they are. If I were to do counseling, I think I would like to become a behavior therapist. I am fascinated by what makes a person what they are, and why does a person do what they do? Where do personalities come from? It is said that personality does come from a specific point in a persons childhood, and from there it continues to grow. A counselor must first look at certain assumptions that are commonly made when developing a behavioral theory. The first of these assumptions concerns whether one believes that the behaviors, type of action, a person exhibits are produced by choices and decisions made beyond a clients own control. Everyone has the power to choose their actions no matter of the influence of heredity and environment. A persons actions are not predetermined. Someone who grew up in an abusive and alcoholic family may as an adult become abusive and alcohol dependant. But it can be assumed that people have free will. There is always the option for a person to make his or her own decisions. When our class went to visit a C.A. P.S. rehabilitation house last month, I was able to talk to some of the people that lived there and I learned that each of them did make their own choices. I also learned that they are using their ability to change their choices to better themselves and their environments. I was amazed to see that the people that lived there were people just like me. The difference is they chose to make different choices than I did. .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 , .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .postImageUrl , .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 , .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7:hover , .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7:visited , .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7:active { border:0!important; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7:active , .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7 .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf0e4e03eaa0f441846882a803391eb7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Muckrakers Essay Some chose drugs, alcohol and crime. Some made all of these choices and some didnt. I do feel that some choices are learning experiences that can give a person the choice to do better or worse. Words / Pages : 671 / 24 . Theorectical Bases For Counseling Essay Example For Students Theorectical Bases For Counseling Essay Five major theoretical bases for counseling in psychology are biological, learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers about behavior through different techniques and researching a clients childhood or adult life experiences looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to the different types and styles of counseling approaches, each counselor forms their own thoughts and explanations. The premise behind the biological perspective in psychology is that all actions, feelings, and thoughts are associated with different events in a persons life. Biological psychologists examine how the electrical impulses, hormones, and chemicals flowing through the body can affect behavior. We will write a custom essay on Theorectical Bases For Counseling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Physocologists are concerned with how the aspects of biology effect peoples emotions and their perception of events. Many of the important findings in psychology from the behavioral theory later evolving into the social learning theory or cognitive social learning theory. Behavior therapists used to believe that actions were responses to stimuli that were learned. This concept led to a broadening of psychology. Many groups that were often overlooked by psychologists until behavior therapy became the dominant school of psychology in the U.S. after the 1960s. The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on the thought process. Psychologists from this school argue that it is necessary to know what is going on in the mind to fully understand why a person will do the things that they do. The reason for cognitive psychology is to understand how perceptions and interpretations relate to behavior. Why some people turn to violence when insulted while another person will not. Many critics of the psychodynamic therapy do not believe psychodynamic theories have any bearing on psychology. Based upon the fact that many of the psychoanalysis assumptions could not be verified. Research psychologists were more related to philosophy rather than clinical science. Though not as scientific as the other theories the psychodynamic theory is still associated with psychology. The sociocultural perspective concentrates on an individuals culture or society rather than the individual. To understand why people show certain behavior traits. Psychologists look at what effects the persons community and how other people affect a person. These five theoretical bases are similar because they all try to determine what causes a person to be how they are. If I were to do counseling, I think I would like to become a behavior therapist. I am fascinated by what makes a person what they are, and why does a person do what they do? Where do personalities come from? It is said that personality does come from a specific point in a persons childhood, and from there it continues to grow. A counselor must first look at certain assumptions that are commonly made when developing a behavioral theory. The first of these assumptions concerns whether one believes that the behaviors, type of action, a person exhibits are produced by choices and decisions made beyond a clients own control. Everyone has the power to choose their actions no matter of the influence of heredity and environment. A persons actions are not predetermined. Someone who grew up in an abusive and alcoholic family may as an adult become abusive and alcohol dependant. But it can be assumed that people have free will. There is always the option for a person to make his or her own decisions. When our class went to visit a C.A. P.S. rehabilitation house last month, I was able to talk to some of the people that lived there and I learned that each of them did make their own choices. I also learned that they are using their ability to change their choices to better themselves and their environments. I was amazed to see that the people that lived there were people just like me. The difference is they chose to make different choices than I did. .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 , .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .postImageUrl , .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 , .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89:hover , .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89:visited , .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89:active { border:0!important; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89:active , .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89 .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d7f5578e69999dd307b6cebc3515e89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Cold Blood Essay Some chose drugs, alcohol and crime. Some made all of these choices and some didnt. I do feel that some choices are learning experiences that can give a person the choice to do better or worse. .

Native American Literature Essay Example

Native American Literature Essay Example Native American Literature Essay Native American Literature Essay Essay Topic: Girl in Translation These stories were usually presented by speakers who were focused on their performance. They used different voices, hand gestures, movements and were very animated. 2. Why is it important to know the origins of their literature? The origin of the literature helps you understand the stories by knowing the culture in which hey are taking place. It reflects a culture as it existed before the arrival of the Europeans. 3. What might be lost in the translation of their stories? Over time as the stories were retold over and over some of the stories may have been changed. Perhaps they may have changed with time and to adapt to new circumstances. 4. What group of people finally wrote down the stories? Why is this significant? The Native American stories and folklore did not come into print until the 19th century, over 300 years after the arrival of the Europeans. It is important that they wrote these stories down the Indians had a very limited written language and if the Europeans had not recorded them they would have been lost in time. 5. Briefly summarize A Tale of the Sky World. You should focus on plot. In the beginning the world was not as we know it today, up in the sky there was another world called The Sky World where human type beings lived. In this Sky World there was a great tree which bore corn that fed the village. Well it so happened, that the chiefs daughter was very sick but there seems to be no cure in sight. One night, a friend of the Chief had a dream that if the girl was placed by the tree and the tree dug up, her sickness would be cured. The girl was placed by the tree, and the tree was dug up. Along came a man who was upset that the tree that fed the village was being dug up and push the girl into the hole where the tree once was. The hole opened up into a world that was completely covered with water. The girls saw this world as she was falling. As she fell the birds of the sky decided to save her and carried her on their bodies. When they grew tired of carrying her, the turtle stepped in and aired her on his back. They quickly decided they could not continue to carry her and that the earth would become her home. They then began to prepare the earth so she could live on it. Soil from the bottom of the sea was brought up and place on the turtles back and it quickly increase where the land could hold all the earths future creatures. The girl recovered from the illness and was living comfortable on the earth, when she brought forth and baby daughter. The girl grew into adulthood and often accompanied her mother in digging wild potatoes. The daughter soon became with child. The mother claimed it was because she was facing the wrong direction while digging potatoes and the West Wind had entered her causing the pregnancy. The girl soon birthed twin boys, one a reddish color and the other a much lighter color. The grandmother did not like the darker child and cast him out into a hollowed tree. As the lighter skinned boy grew, he became a hunter and soon discovered his brother and told his grandmother of the boy. The grandmother then brought the boy home. The boys were very different from each other in personality. One brother was good a created a world that would help its people survive easily, but the other brother was not so kind and created a world that would hinder its future people and make their lives difficult. The inspection of each others creations caused a huge fight be;en the brothers which resulted in the death of the darker skinned brother. 6. What is being created and how is it being created? A livable earth was being created for the girl and its future inhabitants. This was done by bringing up dirt from the sea bottom and placing it on the turtles ace where it expanded and created enough livable for all the earths future creatures. . What type of tale is this? A creation myth 8. The daughter conceives the twins by facing the West 9. What does the violent ending of the tale suggest about the presence of good and evil on earth? Good always battles evil but, in the end, most of the time good prevails. 10. Briefly summarize The Chiefs Daughters. Two girls were laying under the star s making wishes. One girl wishes to be up in the sky with the dim star and the other wishes to be up in the sky with the bright star. When they awake the next morning, their wishes have come true. The one who wished to be with the dim star was the wife of a brave chief and the girl who wanted to be with the bright star was now a servant. The girls remained friend but, now the girl who wished to be with the bright star was to serve the other girl when they Went to dig turnips. They Were told to never strike the ground twice while digging turnips, but the wife of the brave chief was curious what would happen if they struck twice. The next time they went to dig turnips she convinced her servant girl to strike at the ground twice. Striking twice revealed a hole in which she could see her previous home, the earth. This caused the girls to cry, they both wanted to go home. The chief decided to grant their wish and send them back home to earth. He gathers many lariats and knotted them together and wound them around the girls bodies and dropped them through the clouds to their home. When the people of the village saw the girls they were overjoyed. 11. Discuss the possible moral of this tale. Be careful of what you wish for, as it may not be as good as it seems from afar. 12. What happened when the girl struck twice while digging up turnips? A hole opened up in the ground and she could see her previous home on earth 13. What was used to return the chiefs daughters home? Lariats were knotted together and would around the girls bodies and they were gently dropped through the sky to the earth. 14. This tale is a common type of tale called The Star Husband. want you to find a different version of this tale by searching the internet. Provide the title of your tale, the website where you found it, and compare and contrast it to The Chiefs Daughters. Website found: http://BMW. Profiteroles. S/UP-Html- sends/Amicableness-Mammal. HTML Title: Miasma Women Who Married Star Husbands. A Mica Legend Discussion and Research: How do the American Indian tales you read compare to similar tales from the culture in which you were raised? (For example: Remember that this is considered a creation myth. What story were you told about creation? ) Include the following in your answer: The titles Of the tales you read and briefly summarize each . The American Indian Tales and the tales I was told as a child are similar in that they both have been passed down from generation to generation. Most of the time they each use animals to tell the story. Both types of tales are written in a way that only children themselves could believe them. A creation myth that was told as a child is the myth about where babies come from. The myth is that babies are brought by a Stork. This myth was derived from the tale by Hans Christian Anderson titled The Storks, written in 1838. It is the story of how a mother stork, the father and their babies are made fun of by a group of boys. The teasing upset the baby storks and they wanted to get revenge on the boys. Mother stork would not agree o it until they learned to fly and then on their departure day they may get their revenge. When that day arrived the young storks agreed that the boys who did not sing and tease would get a new baby sibling from the pond where all children lie waiting for the stork to come a deliver them to their parents. The boys who had been first to sing and tease, they would bring him a baby who had dreamed itself to death, and the little boy who refused to sing and said it was not nice to make fun of animals would also get a baby brother or sister because he was a good boy.

A comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King Jrs Speeches Term Paper

A comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King Jrs Speeches - Term Paper Example This is where is inspiration derives from. The message of his more political writings, like the two items which are the focus of this paper, is less overtly Christian but the preacherly tone remains. It has been noted that Dr. King was a master of public speaking, and very conscious of the context in which he operated at all times. The unprecedented impact of the â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† was partly due to its location and timing right at the end of a peaceful protest march of some 250,000 people at the heart of American democracy in Washington. The context meant that the speech was the finishing touch to the â€Å"dynamic spectacle†3 of the March, and the vision of this peaceful mass crowding around the Washington monument is the backdrop to this dramatic event. Martin Luther King was a leader, like many before him, who used large public gatherings and theatrical shows of strength to build consensus among his followers and to create an impression on those who were against him. He makes this explicit in his speech when he says â€Å"So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.† His role in the rallies was as the public face of a mass movem ent, and the mouthpiece for generations of people whose protest had been crushed. The first feature of Dr. King’s leadership is, therefore, his eloquence and rhetorical skill with which he mesmerized his followers and made a tremendous impact on listeners throughout America. The â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is aspirational and emotional, and it shows the style that Dr. King wished to adopt as a leader. The â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† has some of the same styles, but it is much more concerned with the substance of his ideas and the detail of his  tactics as the leader of a political movement.  

How stress leads to injuries on the job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How stress leads to injuries on the job - Essay Example 516) For example, conflict may arise between the individual and the world of work because a transition is called for. To illustrate: for the beginning worker we have the self-centredness of adolescence to the disciplined subordination of personal needs to the demands of the workplace. (p. 516) This is the reason why many workers need to learn and adapt to the reality those personal feelings and values are often of little importance or relevance to the workplace. The dilemma is underscored by the fact that the work environment is becoming more complex, ever changing and technologically sophisticated. The impact of stress in the field of occupational safety engineering is tied to the fact that exposure to stressful working conditions can have a direct influence on a worker’s safety or the risk of illness and injury. The study of occupational stress was given impetus in the early 1970s by the establishment in the US of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), whose goal is to conduct research to reduce work-related illnesses and injuries. From then on, research and studies conducted by the agency would help shape the course of job-stress research in the United States. One of the most important findings of NIOSH is that job stress is viewed as a situation in which job stressors – alone or in combination with other stressors – interact with individual worker characteristics and result in acute disruption of psychological or physiological homeostasis. Levy, Baron and Sokas (2006) elaborated on this study further, citing that: This disruption (often called job strain) can be psychological (disruption in effect or cognition); physiological; or behavioral. Job strain, if prolonged, is thought to lead to a variety disorders, including cardiovascular disease, psychological disorders and musculoskeletal disorders. (p. 383) Cary Cooper conducted an early

Strategic Planning For An Information Systems Business Essay

Strategic Planning For An Information Systems Business Essay Over the past decade, the growth of information system has been tremendous. However, business organisations need to be cautious in adopting any form of technology so as to reap the benefits. They have to carefully study and decide which one is appropriate for an organisation to use. Thereby, enable any organisation to achieve its goal. Currently information systems are essential in any organisation unlike decades before. There are different types of information systems. Any company should have a clear understanding on the appropriate ones for the specific usage. Thereby, essential to have information technology experts or managers who will advice the company on what systems to use to be able to minimise costs and add value to a business organisation. More so, managers and staff would know how to accept the changes brought about by the information systems positively to enable them to work properly towards achieving the pre determined goals. The article gives an explanation as to what information system entails as pertaining to a business organisation or company and how it should be used hand in hand with the strategic planning to ensure the smooth running of any organisation and its success. It further entails and gives example of two companies and how they operate with regards to information systems and the strategic plans of a business. It is only limited to the technological aspect and the foreseen targets for the operation efficiency of an organisation, it does not incorporate other factors that enhance efficient management. Only two companies found in the UK were used to show case the study at hand. The article entails an evaluatory research of information systems and the strategic planning of two companies; Company A and Company B.Thereby, giving a basis of how the companies should use the two concurrently. It is also descriptive in the sense that it gives a clear picture on the application of eight tenets. The research in the article is interpretative in the sense that it the reader enlightens the reader on what is needed or expected to ensure efficiency on the management of information systems alongside with the strategic plans of the organisation. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY Strategic planning is a tool used in any business organisation to show where the organisation wants to be or achieve in future. Most strategies are either short term or long term depending on the organisation itself. However, the business world is not as it used to be due to the technological changes and advancements. In some business organisations, departments have been done away with while others have newly emerged due to computerisation. Customers are able to deal with suppliers or producers directly thus eliminating the use intermediaries as was before. Furthermore; the internet has greatly changed the business scene. It is apparent that any organisation has to do modifications so as to keep up with the ever-changing and rising demand for technology. An organisation has to be abreast with its information system so that it can know its existing competitors in the current business situation. Basically, have an overview of the current situational needs and changes of an organisation resulting into identifying the strengths and weaknesses both internally and externally and if need be correct to ensure maximum success. The article clearly emphasizes on the need of both information system and strategic planning for the operational efficiency. It clearly shows the difficulties of managing the former since planning is systematic whilst technology is not. Some companies incorporate the two differently and are still successful while others do not. All this depends on the type, size and location of the business organisation. Much as both information system and strategic planning are instilled, an organisation needs to exploit the opportunities and threats to ensure its survival and success. This study is meant to provide a framework for the use of information systems in an organisation such that it will enhance effectiveness and efficiency. In view of this, good operational efficiency does not only entail strategic planning but also involves other factors like effective management as well, so as to enhance the success of any organisation. Other factors that need to be considered to ensure the smooth running of any organisation include good employer/employee relationship, good communication among staff and so on. DEGREE OF CONTRIBUTION AND ORIGINALITY In the 80s and 90s, as a result of infrastructure development of organizational capabilities there has become a necessity to expand the concept of information systems which have strategic importance in any business organisation. Later, with the expansion of efficacy of any type of computer system led to the strategic planning of information systems to become an important issue. The priorities in a plan of the development of systems need to be identified into specific projects planned for the future. For any company, it is very important to have a business plan in the capacity of a flexible and constant development of organizational capabilities which leads not only to profit and expansion of the company, but also it is one of the foundations of stable competitive advantage. Various authors who have made a big contribution into the development of Strategic Information Systems Planning such as John Ward, Joe Peppard, Martin J., Earl MJ, and George Philip. Moreover, an important contribution in this area has been made by authors or researchers such as Samandra Pant and Cheng Hsu. They presented their work on an international conference, which was a prerequisite for the large development Strategic Information Systems Planning. Consequently, a set of different theoretical and practical researches are seen. If a parallel is drawn between the two researches, most of the fore mentioned authors rely on the theoretical basis. However, among the listed authors only George Philip uses an academic theory in practice. The importance of his work lies in the fact that he is trying to reduce the distance between the theoretical approach to business processes and application to the two companies. George Philip has made research based on related literature on Strategic Information Systems Planning thus on basis of eight tenets by showing an example of two companies in the different areas of development. In analyzing the article it can be said that the level of the research was evaluated to give a clear meaning on the usage of information systems and strategic planning concurrently. The generated work by the author shows that there was summarization of the related sources in the area and created a new direction for any business organisation to forge ahead in the ever-changing technological world. While it is very difficult to describe that the approach is original it still creates a good overview of the information and creates awareness that in information systems more or new research has to be done always to keep up with the changes in business scene to match up with technology. THEORETICAL ARGUMENT As seen 8 tenets were used to show the utilization of both the strategic plans and information systems for the success of any business organisation. The researcher tries to create a perfect model of business development on how any business organisation can be successful by use of the tenets. However, any business organisation can still be successful without following the models. Various methodologies have been put forward towards the rationale of strategic planning and information systems. Thereby, any business organisation can choose any methodology to develop their business based on their capabilities and targets. The use of eight tenets and methodologies used is a clear indication of a grounded theory whereby the underlying belief is that the data holds the clue to the explanation. In this case, the eight tenets and that the explanations are meaningful to those whose actions are being studied. (Denscombe, 2003, pg124). This is not appropriate because little scope is given to other factors that also affect the performance of a business organisation like the economic factors and social factors. RESEARCH METHODS ADOPTED There are two methodologies information systems that is impact and align methodologies (Lee and Gough, 1993; Booth and Philip, 2005). The importance of impact methodology is to achieve competitive advantage through the usage of information technology whilst the main purpose of the align methodologies is to a establish symbiosis relationship between information system strategy and objectives of the business itself. (Reich and Benbasat, 2000). It is apparent that the most prevailing planning methods are the one that take a top-down business-led approach (Premkumar and King 1994), and are designed to bring about contribution between the information systems strategy and the business strategy. Align methodology includes the exploitation strategy, which generally goes through two main stages: Top-down analysis for clarifying business needs and identifying Information System requirements. Bottom-up evaluation of already existing Information System for evaluation their effectiveness. Impact methodology includes the exploration strategy which aims to provide the strategic or competitive advantage for the business. The research analysis used in the article was qualitative method. The method, in contrast to the quantitative method which focuses on the statistical measurements, relied on the understanding, explanation and interpretation of empirical data and the sources of the formation of hypotheses and productive ideas. In simple terms, qualitative method does not respond to the questions of How much? What? How? and why?. Furthermore, in qualitative method, researches widely use projective and enabling techniques. By exposing some facts from the article, it is evident to know the applicability of the method of research used. Various authors used for research case study, questionnaires, scientific articles, text, observation , documents and thereafter, resulted into 8 tenets for information systems planning, this shows that the qualitative research method was mostly used appropriately in the research of information systems. (Orlikowski and Baroudi, 1991; Alavi and Carlson, 1992).In addition the above said confirmed the following expression that: using the case study, as a problem-solving technique, which is seldom undertaken in organisations since case studies dealing with problems similar to the one experienced by a particular organisation of a particular size and in a particular type of setting are difficult to find. More to that, Secaran (2000) suggested that the data collection methods like personal interviews within various groups in the organisation (primary data), examination of companys reports, data, academic and industry reports (secondary data) were used as an example of the qualitative research methods. The basis of research was proposed by the two strategies: exploitation strategy and exploration strategy. In the article we have used primary sources (researches); Text and empirical data for interpretation. (http://wire.rutgers.edu/research_assignments_pri_second.html) and secondary sources (researches)-Research based on the work of others. Literature that interpret or comment upon the primary sources (http://wire.rutgers.edu/research_assignments_pri_second.html). There are always two types of validity which are internal validity and external validity. The former of this was an output made by the author after the study, or the result obtained on the basis of the study. In this article, it is seen on the use of two types of strategies and review of 8 tenets for successful information systems planning. The latter refers to generalization. External validity was seen as a conclusion made by the author after the cross comparison of the case study of the two companies. It is not clear enough whether to talk on the internal and external actions of the case, although the primary and secondary sources of data are available. The article does include any new methods. As seen, that the author used a more qualitative methods, with all its attendant properties. Thereby making the study based on the two strategies and the reviewing of eight tenets. KEY FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS Currently, the world is in the technological era. People and business organisations are using information systems to make life easier. In the article, there are some strategies used to have a very strategic information systems plan and making sure that those companies reach their goal. The discussion based on the study was on the exploitation and exploration strategies. According to the Galliers, (2001) the companys information systems strategy should employ the two strategies. The exploitation strategy, is mainly focused on how to improve the operational efficiency of a company whilst in exploration strategy, it is usually used to make any business organisation have a competitive advantage. (Philip, 2007) The case study emphasized the need for operational efficiency in any business organisation. Operational efficiency is when the company uses the right combination of people and technology to enhance the productivity of the business operation while making sure that they are still in the budget. (Ensynch, 2009) Companies must ensure that they have the right technology and people to be efficient in the effective running of any business organisation. However, companies are facing difficulties in obtaining qualified employees who have technological skills and knowledge. They always need to ascertain whether the employees have the right qualifications. (Ensynch, 2009). It dwelled on the Eight Tenets in having a successful Information system planning in order to be efficient when it comes to the operations of any business organisation. They are as follows: (Philip, 2007) Developing a Business and Information System Strategy concurrently. Using Top-Down and Bottom-Up Listening and Communication Developing a High-Level plan with broad principles, not specific actions. Should have the support of the Top-Management Using Opportunistic Methods. Mandate Proactive Implementation Build in a Frequent Review Process and Contingency Planning Information Technology Leaders are technology scouts and interpreters Developing a business and information system strategy concurrently, is when we ascertain that the business plan and the information system plan go hand in hand. The process involves the entire executive team with the Chief Information Officer. Communication is one factor that makes the plan successful. Taking to the employees would help them in their planning. The company needs to know what the employees think about a certain situation and also, those employees would help them to generate some ideas to make sure that the plan made would be successful. Getting feedback regarding the performance of the systems is also important so the company would know whether the system is doing fine or not and whether it needs improvement or not. Making sure that the plan made is high-level enough; meaning the plan should allow some changes when implementing the program without rewriting the whole plan. By doing this, they could focus on making a solution when they overcome a problem rather than making the plan again. Support from the top management is crucial in having a successful plan. The senior executives must be active and makes sure that they have the correct materials to make the plan. They should also take an immediate action when they faced a problem regarding the plan. The company should make sure that their plan is put into practice proactively in order to maximize the benefits of the plan. They should make sure that the implemented strategy is to be effective to avoid any problems or inconveniences when the plan is implemented. Reviewing the plan is also crucial. Normally, the company reviews their plan at least twice a year and managers and information technology personnel usually review the plan. The reviewing of plan help the Chief Information Officer to know if they are still on budget or not. Also, they would know whether the plan is doing great; whether they are reaching their goal or not. Lastly, the Chief Information Officer should have the knowledge when it comes to the development of the information systems plan. The Chief Information Officer acts like a technology scout in an organization. They should make sure that the technology used incorporates with the mission and vision of the company. The Chief Information Officer should also be aware of the latest technologies in the market. He/she should know the right time of investing a new technology. They should make sure that when they buy a new technology, it still fits within the organisations budget. The Chief Information Officer should know the business language and the technology language for proper interpretation and usage of both technological and business terms. LIMITATIONS Case studies have become extremely widespread in research. When researchers dwell on a case study they look into a set of related ideas and preferences thus when combined give the approach its distinctive character. However they are not unique in the sense that the basis of investing has always been done already. (Denscombe, 2003, pg 31). The article is clearly a case study on use and applicability of information systems and strategic planning for the operational efficiency of any business organisation. Various authors have put forward their opinions whilst theories written for justification purposes. However, no solid generalisations can be made; in the sense that it would depend on ones advantageous view point of the whole scenario and understanding as pertaining to any business organisation. A manager would chose to adopt whatever benefits the company. There is no exact formula or specific way of managing the two concurrently to achieve the organisations pre-determined goals. The other issue is that information represented in the case possibly is not fully reliable and accurate. There is always risk that case can contain errors and inaccuracy. Apparently, the article based the research work on a qualitative approach. However, two methods of approach should have been used, that is the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach, to produce an unbiased end result. In the former, it is always natural for the researcher view not to be eliminated in the process. The other limitation as clearly seen in the article is whereby only two companies from the UK have been used in the research work. This is not adequate. It should have involved more companies since planning and use of information systems is vital to any organisation. There was also a variation in the way he provided and collected the data in that the companies are internationally based but only sited the UK one. However, different approaches or theories may apply differently to different nationalities due to technological factors, cultural barriers, political barriers and so forth. Furthermore, the comparison made on the two articles lacked equality. The dates of the research analysis done were different, In company A it was dated 2003 whilst in Company B it was dated 2004.Since the author rated the performance of each companion on the technological basis, it was not appropriate because how a company performs depends also on other factors like inflation rate, the countrys fiscal year and perhaps the national income for 2003 may not have been the same as for 2004. It is logic for plans and the way information systems are handled to change from time to time in the sense of recent information. Information systems and plans of any article also provide recent information to be used but the research obtained dates back 5 years or 6 years or so. The article did not present how all these statements should change in the fast growing and developing business environments thus no exact description of how all this eight tenets can be effective. More so, the researcher should have used real life current situations to assert his reasoning and conclusions. Other theoretical findings should have been included to give a thorough and more precise understanding of the research at hand. Other limitations in the researchers article included the failure to discuss the possible effects that would happen to both companies given the tenets and that Company A did not follow most of the tenets but still remained successful. SUGGESTIONS In this current technological era, companies are using technology to make work easier and gain competitive advantage in any business world. However, there are some companies who are not using the full capacity of technology in terms of being competitive in the market. Companies are not enthusiastic in employing the Strategic Information Systems Planning due to the fact it is expensive and it will not help in the attainment of long term objectives. In addition, other companies do not use information system and strategic planning due to lack of proper knowledge of the technological factors or others may be due to ignorance. However, to be competitive in the market, Strategic Information System Planning needs to be incorporated to enhance the performance of the business and aid in the normal operations of a company thus ensuring efficiency. Other companies should have been used in the research process. It should not only be based on this two companies when using the eight tenets since every company is different on how they approach activities carried out in any business organisation. The researcher should have explained more on the eight tenets. It is not stated in the article on the effects of the eight tenets and the usefulness of the tenets on any business organisation. The researcher should also have emphasized more on the eight tenets and how it can affect the fast moving and developing companies. Companies should not only use the eight tenets just to make an information systems strategy, but try to look for ways on how to have an efficient operating system. CONCLUSSION Strategic planning and information systems are vital components in any companys goal in achieving operational efficiency and in giving assistance in the companys decision-making activities. However, prudency is needed when incorporating the two for the business to earn maximum benefits. In doing so, the researcher tried to explain on the relevance of information system and strategic planning, in the article, by the introduction of eight tenets acting as guidelines. Thereby, any business organisation would be able to decide the best ways on how to handle the two for operational efficiency of the organizations. Apart from the framework given, further explanations and an exhaustive research should have been brought to attention so as to make clear generalisations thereafter, thus make applicability in any business organisation easier to comprehend and follow. All in all, the message was still passed across by the researcher on the comparisons and differentiation on how different companies, in this case, Company A and Company B, apply the 8 tenets for successful information systems and the strategic planning for operational efficiency. Thereby, enabling an analysis to be done on such a case study.